J. R. R. Tolkien

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, CBE (/ˈtɒlkiːn/ tol-keen; 3 Janvier 1892 – 2 Septembre 1973) ce qui English écrivain, poète, philologist, et professeur d'université, best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Ring and The Silmarillion. He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth, Professeur d'Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford from 1945 to 1959. He was at one time " a close friend of C. S. Lewis - they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings. Tolkien, ce qui appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972. After Tolkien est mort, son fils Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. Thèse, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings forme a connected body of tales, pome, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda, and Middle-earth within it. Entre 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien, the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre. This has caused Tolkien to be produits à positionnement identified as the "father" of modern fantasy literature - or, more precisely, of high fantasy. En 2008, The Times ranked him sixth on a list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Forbes a classé him the 5th top-earning "dead celebrity" en 2009.